The Reign of Terror Was it Justified free essay sample

In 1792, French adversaries were pushing in on all borders and spies were rampant on the streets. To defend from internal enemies, prominent French leader Robespierre enacted the Reign of Terror. Anyone suspected of aiding the enemy was swiftly put on trial and executed. (doc. G) The Reign of Terror was not justified because the threats to France externally and internally did not warrant the methods used. Those suspected of being spies or opposers of war during the French revolution were quickly tried and unjustly executed. Steven Otfinoski remarks in Triumph and Terror: The French Revolution â€Å"A careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put one in prison or worse.†(Doc E). Such executions were both morally unjust and a waste of human manpower during a time of war. Instead of causing people to follow the law, the reign of terror instigated several rebellions in France. (doc A). A letter from the National Convention in France remarks â€Å"We had reason to hope that these gatherings would cease as soon as the public troops arrived. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reign of Terror: Was it Justified or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our hopes were misguided and this causes us the greatest of worries.† (doc. D). Had authorities established a sense of nationalist pride in French citizens, war would have been fought vigorously, there would be fewer rebellions, and thus, less loss of human life. In order to defeat two military powers on the front, France enacted a draft and started two wars which fueled more rebellion as people felt they were fighting for a country they didn’t love. Document A details revolutions occurred after mandatory military drafts were instated. The French people had overthrown their king and gone to war for freedom, not to be ruled by a monarchy once more. Document B, a map of the war during 1972 shows France lost several decisive victories and lost cities and lives. The two wars coupled with the military draft caused citizens and soldiers alike to dislike the new republic as their comrades died to the guns and guillotines around them. The sharp blade of the guillotine was applied liberally to the necks of anyone suspected of working against France’s interest. Document F shows the  decapitation of Louis the XVI after extremely inconclusive evidence and faux claims painted him as an enemy spy and counter-revolutionary. Unfortunately, with the invention of the guillotine, Louis was just one of tens of thousands killed in such a manner. Many such public execution were merely to invoke fear in the people’s hearts. (doc D). Steven Otfinoski wrote in Triumph and Terror â€Å"The revolutionary Tribunal was established to try all crimes against the state. Tribunal members would not be elected by the people but rather by the national convention.† (Doc E). Not only trials brief and often merely formality, the small group of government leaders could convict anyone opposing them. Killing for power and fear didn’t place pride in the oppressed French peoples’ hearts, it only placed panic and despair, two detrimental qualities of a country on its knees. Although the reign of terror achieved the ends desired, it was not morally justified due to the great losses of human life, the oppression of the French people, and the pointless violence that blossomed across europe as a result. It took three failed republics before France finally achieved a sustainable and loved government. In this case, Machiavelli would the ends justify the means in the most inefficient manner.

Nora. (Hendrik Ibsens A Dolls House) The influences behind, and overall aims of, Naturalistic theatre.

Nora. (Hendrik Ibsens A Dolls House) The influences behind, and overall aims of, Naturalistic theatre. Free Online Research Papers At first, it is necessary to mention that all the terms which are connected to ‘Naturalistic theatre’ in this paper are used in the meaning they had in the 19th century. Since the terms naturalism’, ‘naturalistic’ or ‘naturalist’ were already used in ancient philosophy it is important to point out that all these terms that describe a certain element or phenomena in literature, science, theatre or society, are in this case always linked to their definitions, descriptions and influences of and in the 19th century. Hendrik Ibsen’s Norwegian middle-class family was very educated and well situated, so Ibsen was familiar with the elements of the time he was living in, such as the starting and ongoing industrialisation. However, Ibsen had a difficult childhood; the depression of his father and the aim to keep something in the family to hide it from the society is reflected in a lot of his plays. After he wanted to become a painter in his childhood, Ibsen started to be an author in the age of 16 when he left his family in Skien to start an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Grimstad. He was very interested in proclamation of the French Republic in 1848, which took place when he was about 20 years old. Therefore this political event and its following influences on Germany, Austria, Czech and Italy, for example the Franco-Prussian war and the American-civil war became an important influence on him and his work: ‘The cry of revolution came to him, of revolution faint indeed and broken, the voice of a minority appealing frantically and for a moment against the overwhelming forces of a respectable majority, but it came to him just at the moment when his young spirit was prepared to receive it with faith and joy. The effect on Ibsens character was sudden and it was final []’ These movements and changes all over Europe were undoubtedly shaping factors for the development of Naturalism and its effects on society, science, philosophy and ethical trends of the 19th century. ‘The cry of revolution’ explains the focus on social topics of even other classes of society in Naturalistic theatre like family, marriage and the struggling with everyday-problems. Another influence which led to the concentration on presenting characters as case studies in human behaviour or social problems was Karl Marx’s analysis of society; the German philosopher published ‘Das Kapital’ in 1867. Marx’ political philosophy argued against urbanisation and for a more equal distribution of wealth, which coincided with ‘the struggle for legal equality and voting rights’ in Europe, as well as ‘with a new sense of national identity in Scandinavia, and with the liberation of the serfs in Russia.’ Additionally, it is necessary to mention that the impact of science was noticeable in Naturalistic theatre as well. One of the most important examples is Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, published in ‘On the Origin of Species’ in 1859, where he suggests that life developed gradually from common ancestry and that life favoured â€Å"survival of the fittest† by a process of natural selection. ‘These new ideas led to the assumption that peoples’ character and personality are formed by a combination of heredity and their social environment, plus the value placed on the individual. This meant that ordinary citizens, including workers and the poor () became the protagonists, and attention focussed on the family.’ Naturalistic theatre no longer portrayed only aristocrats but also middle-class and working-class characters and their issues and concerns. Though female characters were often the focus of naturalistic plays, and though the early women’s movement was often reflected in naturalistic plays the connection between Naturalism and the movement for the emancipation of women in naturalistic society, literature and theatre should be challenged since these plays and novels were predominantly written by men. The 1879 play ‘A Doll’s House’ mirrors a Victorian marriage; Nora Helmer has three young children with her husband Torvald, who just got a better position in a bank, they even have a maid, a nurse and a servant. Their children do not play a big part in the play at all, but that the relationship full of secrets, between the couple Nora and Torvald, is established by Ibsen within the first scenes. Nora is always the focus of the action and the first two persons she has to deal with are Torvald and after that, her old friend, Mrs. Linde visits her; the two women did not see each other for nearly ten years. First of all, Nora is coming back from her Christmas shopping tour and hides the macaroons she bought for herself from her husband. Torvald talks to her as she would be a puppy who needs to be educated: ‘Is it my little squirrel bustling about?’ It sounds like Torvald would not take his wife and mother of their three children too seriously: ‘Has nt Miss Sweet-Tooth been breaking rules in town today?’ Nora did ‘break rules’ by buying macaroons, which appears childish and a little bit ridiculous to the reader. In this first scene Ibsen already establishes that Torvald has very fixed and definite opinions about things, such as borrowing money: ‘But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle.’ The reader feels the slight pressure Torvald is giving her and knows why Nora might have secrets she keeps for herself. This is important for the following scene with the widow Mrs. Linde who lost everything and now asks Nora for a job in Torvald’s office. Christine Linde knows Nora from earlier times and assumes that Nora did not change in the years: ‘How kind you are, Nora, to be so anxious to help me! It is doubly kind in you, for you know so little of the burdens and troubles of life.’ Nora’s answer is quite significant: ‘You are just like all the others. They all think that I am incapable of anything really serious- ‘. In passing, Nora tells her the secret of her life: years ago she borrowed money from someone to take Torvald to Italy for one year but she told Torvald it would be her father’s money. Nora’s father died before they left for Italy which actually saved Torvald’s life because he was seriously ill. Christin e’s rather shocked reaction represents the Victorian ideas and norms of women or wife’s behaviour: ‘No, a wife cannot borrow without her husbands consent.’ This is where the main conflict of the whole play is transparent: ‘Is it imprudent to save your husbands life?’ asks Nora. Later, Nora is forced to talk to Mr. Krogstad who is a widow and a lawyer, and from whom she borrowed the needed money. Since he is in a very bad position, Krogstad wants to push Nora to use her influence on Torvald for saving Krogstad’s reputation and therefore the future of his children. He found out that Nora’s father did not sign the paper for borrowing money but Nora herself, which is forgery. While Mrs. Linde embodies what women in the Victorian era were supposed to be and supposed to do, Krogstad’s position represents the actual social position of women in society and in their marriage by law. ‘Nora: You? Do you ask me to believe that you were brave enough to run a risk to save your wifes life. Krogstad: The law cares nothing about motives. Nora: Then it must be a very foolish law. Krogstad: Foolish or not, it is the law by which you will be judged, if I produce this paper in court.’ The very detailed description Ibsen gives the reader about the room, furniture and decoration as well as about the appearing persons and their clothes and habits, is an important element of Naturalistic theatre. With the help of those clear and concrete details, it is easier to create a very complete picture of a person or a situation, due to a perfect illusion. Those descriptions are also linked to the supposition that individuals are greatly influenced by their environment, which includes how they live and which persons like friends and family surrounds them. Moreover it is another step to the exact analysis of man, which was also an idea of Naturalistic Theatre. That something or someone can have an extremely bad influence on others is a main concept of ‘A Doll’s House’ and leads to the conflict between Nora and Torvald which changes everything. Darwin’s claim of the inheritance appears several times: ‘You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and, as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You never know where it has gone. Still, one must take you as you are. It is in the blood; for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things, Nora.’ In opposite of being created by a Divine Will, man is quite close to the animal level, at the same time as life is a permanent struggle. Furthermore, with the impact of science on society evokes the idea that science could be the solution for human problems. This is an enormous contrast to the idealization of man by the Romantics for example. ‘Helmer. Because such an atmosphere of lies infects and poisons the whole life of a home. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of the germs of evil. Nora (coming nearer him): Are you sure of that? Helmer: My dear, I have often seen it in the course of my life as a lawyer. Almost everyone who has gone to the bad early in life has had a deceitful mother. Nora: Why do you only say- mother? Helmer: It seems most commonly to be the mothers influence, though naturally a bad fathers would have the same result. Every lawyer is familiar with the fact. This Krogstad, now, has been persistently poisoning his own children with lies and dissimulation; that is why I say he has lost all moral character. [†¦]’ These ideas were later supported by the work on psychology of the German psychiatrist Sigmund Freud on psychology at the end of the 19th century and also influenced the Naturalistic theatre. In the second Act of ‘A Doll’s House’ Ibsen is going one step further and points out how much Nora and Torvald would clash, if he ever finds out about the ‘free will’ and the activities of his wife: ‘Helmer: Nice?- because you do as your husband wishes? Well, well, you little rogue, I am sure you did not mean it in that way. []’. Besides that, the thought of heredity comes into sight again through Dr. Rank, who is a close friend of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Dr. Rank, who secretly loves Nora, is going to die soon and only tells her about it: ‘Oh, its a mere laughing matter, the whole thing. My poor innocent spine has to suffer for my fathers youthful amusements.’ In the third act, Christine Linde and Nils Krogstad talk with each other; they know each other from earlier times and were in love with each other when they were much younger. Now they decide to live their lives together again, because Christine is alone and Krogstad’s children need a mother. Before that Krogstad wrote a letter to Helmer which tells him about the money Nora illegally borrowed from Krogstad. This letter is still in the letter box when Nora, Helmer and Dr. Rank came home from the party upstairs. When they were alone again and Torvald read the letter from Krogstad, the worst thing happens, just as Nora knew before: ‘What a horrible awakening! All these eight years- she who was my joy and pride- a hypocrite, a liar- worse, worse- a criminal! The unutterable ugliness of it all!- For shame! For shame!’ Torvald’s last sentence before Krogstad is ringing the bell is: ‘But I shall not allow you to bring up the children; I dare not trust them to you. To think that I should be obliged to say so to one whom I have loved so dearly, and whom I still- . No, that is all over. From this moment happiness is not the question; all that concerns us is to save the remains, the fragments, the appearance- ‘ Torvald reads the letter Krogstad wrote to Nora and feels absolutely released because Krogstad wrote that he will not tell a single person about the borrowed money and Torvald Helmer’s reputation is not in danger anymore. Helmer takes back all the horrible things he said to Nora but this is where she is getting very serious. Nora: That is just it; you have never understood me. I have been greatly wronged, Torvald- first by papa and then by you. Helmer: What! By us two- by us two, who have loved you better than anyone else in in the world? Nora (shaking her head): You have never loved me. You have only thought it pleasant to be in love with me. Nora realized that her husband does not love her as the woman she is but that he has an idea of what Nora as his wife is supposed to do and think. She just experienced that Torvald will let her down as soon as she does not please him anymore or does not follow his rules, not important for which reason. So she leaves him, gives him her keys and her ring and slams the door behind her. B i b l i o g r a p h i e Balme, C. B. 2009, The Cambridge Introduction to Theatre Studies. Cambridge University Press. F u r s t, L. R. and Peter N. Skrine 1971, Naturalism. Methuen Co. Ltd.: Bristol. I b s e n, H. 2005, A Doll’s House. eBook: gutenberg.net. I n n e s, C. 2000, A Sourcebook on Naturalistic Theatre. London/ New York: Routledge. Gosse, E. 2005, Henrik Ibsen. eBook: gutenberg.org. Research Papers on Nora. (Hendrik Ibsen's 'A Doll's House) The influences behind, and overall aims of, Naturalistic theatre.Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on Children

Aircraft accident Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Aircraft accident - Term Paper Example The victim had serious burns on the face, stomach and hands. The other body parts had minor burns and stretch marks.   His shoes were scattered on the left hand side of his body and this tells that he dropped dead from the aircraft.   There were no signs of the victims trying to escape. The first victim was later identified as Mark Henderson. Body 2 was found towards to the tail of the aircraft just a few inches from the cockpit. The victim appeared to be a female adult aged 30-40 years. She was wearing a blue checked trouser and a sky blue top with long sleeves. The victim had severe burns on the face, back and hands. The other body parts had numerous bruises. There was a lot of blood oozing from the head and left arm. The victim was later identified as Jean Rhodes. No further evidence in form of body parts, clothes that was found to indicate the existence of the third person. The Forensic team was satisfied that the victims of the aircraft accident were two, a male and a female aged 30-40 years and having been on private jet, the victims might be probably be a couple on a vacation trip. According to the NTSB 830 reporting and preservation of aircraft wreckage, the jet crash site is fatal due to the death of the passengers on board. In addition, the death occurred during a flight. The lead investigator of NTSN arrived at the crime scene at 1440; two minutes earlier after our arrival, hence had no information on the initial happenings to the accident. According to the eyewitness- Peter and the police who had arrived.

Contemporary Issues in Business and Management Essay

Contemporary Issues in Business and Management - Essay Example The external business environment includes demographic, social, cultural, political, legal, economical, technological, and environmental factors. The environment in which an organization operates, significantly impacts every aspects of the business. The business strategy, marketing strategy as well as the operational strategy of a company is highly dependent on its external business environment. In addition, the internal functions of the business are also impacted to a large extent (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2010). In the same way, corporate culture is also a crucial factor for a business to operate efficiently in the market place. According to Daft (2009), corporate culture acts as the most important mechanism for attracting, retaining and motivating the talent. In the similar manner, different scholars have laid emphasis to the fact that a company’s value is dependent upon the way people are treated in an organization (Daft and Marcic, 2010). In this study, we will try to unc over the importance of business environment and corporate culture in an organization. The company chosen for conducting the study is Nokia and according to the report Nokia is currently dealing with issues pertaining to external business environment and corporate culture. This study will also underpin how the company is dealing with these prevailing situations. Now getting further deep into the study, a brief overview of Nokia is presented below. Nokia: A Brief Overview Nokia is a Finland based multinational company that operates in the field of information and communication technology. The company was founded in the year 1865 and is presently headquartered at Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland. The founders of the company were Leo Mechelin and Fredrik Idestam. From the date of its incorporation, the company has always tried to offer customers with high product value (Bontje Musterd and Pelzer, 2011). In addition, the company also aims to connect the whole world with their technology offeri ngs. Such intentions also reflect in their tagline which states â€Å"connecting people†. The principal products of the company are portable IT devices and mobile telephones. Apart from that, Nokia also sells different type of games, application, media, music, and messaging platform through the company’s OVI platform. Similarly digital map and navigator services are also provided without any cost through Navteq, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nokia. The company is divided into three divisions namely mobile phones, mobile solutions, and markets. The mobile solutions division is responsible for overseeing Nokia’s portfolio of mobile computers and Smartphone, whereas the mobile phone division is responsible for administering the product portfolio of mobile phone. The market division looks after the supply chain and distribution activities (Yahoo Finance, 2012). The company has also entered into various strategic alliances which helps them to cater to diversi fied customer base and large geographical locations. Vertu, Navteq and Nokia Siemens networks are some of the strategic alliances of the company (Plunkett, 2009). Some of the major competitors of the company are Samsung, Apple, HTC, Motorola and the local players of the market (where Nokia is having its operations). Until 31 December, 2011, the company had an employee strength of 130, 050. As of financial year 2011, the company

The risk and benifits of younger workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The risk and benifits of younger workers - Essay Example This means that an individual who comes in as a fresh graduate at his first job will need to be informed about company protocols and how things are done within the company. It may take them a day to learn all they need to know for some positions but for others they may take more than a month of dedicated training and may even need continued guidance while they are performing their duties for the company. At the same time, this investment made by the company may not be recuperated or even lead to substantial benefits for the organization if the individual decides to leave the company within a year of joining. In this case, all that the company would have done is to train a person in order to enable them to find a better paying job. Of course retention is also a part of the HR department’s duties but training is an investment in people which entails its own risks. On the other hand, there are significant advantages towards recruiting individuals with little or no experience and the immediately visible business benefit is to the bottom line of the company since a fresh graduate has to be paid a lot less than a person near the age of retirement who can demand a salary which is equal to the one given to the company’s directors. Of course an older person with experience might be able to bring a lot more to the table but the company has to balance how much it can afford to spend on recruiting and retaining such a star performer or business guru. Additionally, pouring young blood into the company will have the advantage of giving the company new ideas and instant familiarity with new technology which may not be known to older individuals. Again, in this case training can be useful as exemplified by GE which continually recruited individuals who were intimately familiar with computer technology in order to teach the older people working in much higher positions on how to use things such as email and instant messaging (Welch, 2005). Overall, the cost

The Importance Of Finding Alternative Materials Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Finding Alternative Materials Environmental Sciences Essay What is Alternative Building? This is usually the type of building that are considered alternative today, have their heredity in structures that humans have been constructing for centuries. The reason why these building techniques are gaining popularity in modern times is twofold. First, the old building techniques are far more eco-friendly than the majority structures we used to seeing; second, these structures are simple enough in nature that they can built cheaply and can be built without the aid of a lot of the heavy and expensive equipment which is normally related with most new construction. Currently words such as green, sustainable and alternative get used often in the construction industry, which make its pretty confusing and difficult to tell if any one particular method or material fall under one or many of these heading. The report will help identify, green alternative building method and materials which are less damaging to the environment than a similar practice used in conventional lumber-framed construction. The need to find alternative practices will encompass any building technique that can be done repeatedly without changing the environment in any noticeable way. The Importance of Finding alternative Materials As the world population continues to grow at an alarming rate, people are realizing that planet cannot sustain such continuous and exponential growth. With land being increasable limited and we are continually diminishing our natural resource such are timber, with majority of it being used to build homes. It is evident that we cannot continue to use our natural material at this rate to build our homes. With the awareness of these natural materials become increasing limited, has made the construction industry rethink their way and start to think more about sustainable construction. Using alternative material for 8building homes is much more environmental sustainable than conventional homes building. Depending on the type and amount of sustainable materials used, these types of alternative material can reduce the carbon footprint which is produce in building homes. According to the Worldwatch Institute, an independent organization that analyzes critical global issues, one-fourth of the worlds wood and one-sixth of its fresh water are used  in building construction. This situation will only become worse as the worlds population and more people continue to migrate toward cities. The greater demands also will add pressure on increasingly scarce essential resources, especially water. The Environment The environment has now become issues and with it being heightened news, the Governments and individuals have seem to take notice and now taking to make a change because we cannot continuing abusing the environment, this is not an option anymore. The chart below shows the proportion of CO2 emissions in the UK from buildings in use, the construction process (mainly due to the CO2 from the manufacture of building materials) and from all other sectors including industry, transport, agriculture etc. Buildings in use contribute about half of our CO2 emissions (and consume about half of our energy use). Figure 1 CO2 emissions The next chart shows where these emissions come from and with over half of our energy use and CO2 emissions from building use come from heating our buildings. Figure two Energy Waste. Government Action The UK government have stated that England must take action now, in order to make vast improvement to energy efficiency in both new and existing buildings. The government have set many ambitious goals, an example of one: they anticipate dramatic energy reductions to achieve its goal that all new homes in England will be carbon-neutral by 2016. World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2007) There are three main approaches to energy neutrality: Cut buildings energy demand by, for example, using equipment that is more energy efficient Produce energy locally from renewable and otherwise wasted energy resources Share energy create buildings that can generate surplus energy and feed it into an intelligent grid infrastructure. Efficiency gains in buildings are likely to provide the greatest energy reductions and in many cases will be the most economic option. A study by McKinsey estimated that demand reduction measures with no net cost could almost halve expected growth in global electricity demand. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report estimates that by 2020 CO2 emissions from building energy used can be reduced by 29% at no net cost World Business Council for Sustainable Development (2007) and a cost curve for greenhouse gas reduction, McKinsey Quarterly 2007 Number 1. Fox and Murrell (1989) state the fundamental ecology principle of renewable material, such as wood is sustainable source and are renewable however, for materials like metal, plastic, gravel and sand, stone-based materials such as cement, concrete and plaster, have been used cannot be used again, their consumption if the earth itself. (Berge, 1992) The extraction of certain raw material can be very destructive effects especially to the water table and wildlife habitats. Over usage of these materials can affect the availabilities of in the near future, cause environmental degradation, and contribute to global warming. Impact of the Construction The industry has a major impact on the environment, it affect are not only on the resources it consumes but also the waste it produces. The construction industry is accountable for producing a whole variety of different wastes, the amount and type of which depends on factors such as the stage of construction, type of construction work and practices on site. In Great Britain, over 90% of non-energy minerals is extracted and are used to supply the construction industry with materials. Furthermore, every year more than 70 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste has been produced in England and Wales The key is alternative basic materials because they have historically driven innovation in every industry, and could spur significant advances in todays housing. In order to gain acceptance, however, basic alternative materials must offer more benefits than the traditional materials or methods they replace. They must reduce costs, increase design flexibility, enhance sustainability, perform multiple functions, have superior performance characteristics, or meet a market niche. Another potential driver for adopting alternative basic materials is a shortage of existing natural materials or concerns about their long-term sustainability. Martà ­n(2005) states that in recent years, there has been a shortages of core natural resources; including lumber, steel, and gypsum, and this has driven construction costs higher. This volatility of supply and price motivates the industry to look for more sustainable solutions. Sustainability and resource shortages, in fact, will help to drive innovati ons in the future. The objective of alternative basic materials is to develop new materials that spur innovation by serving multiple functions, increasing cost-effectiveness and efficiency, and using more sustainable materials. In many cases, these technologies form building systems that enable other Concept Home principles such as integrated functions, floor plan flexibility, and improved production processes. Alternative basic materials consist of core technologies that manufacturers can use to create products or systems and composite systems that builders can purchase and use to build homes. Martà ­n(2005) Before considering the use of alternative materials, and before implementing into homes, practical issues must be considered, (Berge, 1992) say to be realistic to imagine a technology that functions in line holistic ideas, none-mainstream approach but also providing humanity with an acceptable material standard of living, basically Berge is trying to say there just be a balance between the Eco approach and what consumer want. Government Schemes and Regulation After The Stern Review (2006) advised that the implications of climate change couldnt be avoided any longer and urgent action was required, by that the comment the government took notice and started implementing changes to building regulations. In 2007, the Government introduced the  Code for Sustainable Homes  to help improve the standard of energy efficiency and sustainability of the housing sector, by setting target for all new houses to achieve a carbon rate of zero by 2016. This is a level 6 in the Code for Sustainable. Currently, the standards of the code are not mandatory for private house builders but there are intentions to incorporate them into the  Building Regulations over the next couple years, by implementing the changes to Part L which started in 2010. CAN I ADD MORE Constructing environmental friendly house To construct an environmental friendly houses are to focus on reducing the environmental impact of both its  construction  and its ongoing  operation. This is achievable at the design phase by selecting the correct material and the process. Environmental friendly houses and sustainable construction present an exciting opportunity for building houses. With the prospect of living in an environmentally efficient house that can generate its own power, also by reducing waste and running costs would be the first positive step for a sustainable future. Our activities have had a negative effect on the plant and the the Office for Climate Change 2010, attributing have stated that 27% of the UKs total carbon emissions to household heating and electricity, house construction is an area where we can make a huge difference. Ecological impact During the development and construction stages of house being built, a ecological assessment should be carried out that reduces its impact and if it would be possible to construct green or living roofs for new habitats to live.

Politics Paper :: essays research papers

One of the first things we have learned about politics this semester is that there is a constant struggle over the true definition, especially in how broad or narrow the definition is. When Thomas Jefferson wrote that â€Å"Politics are such torment that I would advise everyone I love not to mix with them.† it is understood that he is referring to the electoral and governmental aspects of politics. If Dr. Michael Rivage-Seul and Leslie Cagan were to read this quote, they would argue that Jefferson has an extremely narrow view of politics and that if one were to desire a more accurate definition, they would have to look further than the restrictive culturally accepted definition. Martin Luther King, Jr. would also disagree with this definition but he I think he would have a bigger problem with the advice that Jefferson is giving. All three of the authors that we have looked at would, in one way or another, be forced to disagree with Jefferson based on the principles that they try to uphold and emphasize in their writings and speeches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Dr. Michael Rivage-Seul, we are living in a world full of deceit and human frailty. He stresses this particular point in his essay â€Å"Taking Risks in Plato‘s Cave† which helps to illustrate that not everything we know to be true is actually true. He also believes that, just as in the parable, we have an obligation to ourselves to look at all aspects and trey to understand all observed viewpoints. His words enforce this belief when he says â€Å"We can’t begin our escape from ignorance without the intervention of an outsider, without listening to others.† (Rivage-Seul, 6). In his teachings, Rivage-Seul tries to highlight the importance of thinking for ourselves and always being weary of a socially accepted truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If Leslie Cagan, author of the essay â€Å"What is Politics?† was asked to comment on Jeffersons’ quote, I would imagine that she would probably scorn him for his narrow minded view of politics. I am also led to believe that she would say that Jefferson was no more politically aware than the rest of the general public because of the common ignorant definition they share. Cagan would argue that politics has to do with just about everything in the world and he stresses the complexity and immeasurable depth in the word when he says â€Å"How we understand (and therefore act out of that understanding) â€Å"politics† and â€Å"political struggle† is no small matter.

Digital Fortress Chapter 33

Tokugen Numataka stared out his window and paced like a caged animal. He had not yet heard from his contact, North Dakota. Damn Americans! No sense of punctuality! He would have called North Dakota himself, but he didn't have a phone number for him. Numataka hated doing business this way-with someone else in control. The thought had crossed Numataka's mind from the beginning that the calls from North Dakota could be a hoax-a Japanese competitor playing him for the fool. Now the old doubts were coming back. Numataka decided he needed more information. He burst from his office and took a left down Numatech's main hallway. His employees bowed reverently as he stormed past. Numataka knew better than to believe they actually loved him-bowing was a courtesy Japanese employees offered even the most ruthless of bosses. Numataka went directly to the company's main switchboard. All calls were handled by a single operator on a Corenco 2000, twelve-line switchboard terminal. The woman was busy but stood and bowed as Numataka entered. â€Å"Sit down,† he snapped. She obeyed. â€Å"I received a call at four forty-five on my personal line today. Can you tell me where it came from?† Numataka kicked himself for not having done this earlier. The operator swallowed nervously. â€Å"We don't have caller identification on this machine, sir. But I can contact the phone company. I'm sure they can help.† Numataka had no doubt the phone company could help. In this digital age, privacy had become a thing of the past; there was a record of everything. Phone companies could tell you exactly who had called you and how long you'd spoken. â€Å"Do it,† he commanded. â€Å"Let me know what you find out.†

Free Essays on The Phases Of Hamlet

The protagonist of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an extremely layered and complicated character. He has been studied for years by scholars and average readers alike and all come to the agreement that Shakespeare’s incredible skill makes Hamlet’s character and personality. There’s always more than meets the eye. In our drama literature class we have discussed the progression of Hamlet through three main phases. These phases are inspired by the plot in which his character falls: from pre-murder and speculation to climactic action. Hamlet 1 represents the Hamlet before his father’s murder. He is a university student who loves to study and is devoted to philosophical questions. He’s very calculated, analytical, and intelligent. Hamlet 2 refers to Hamlet after his father’s murder. He becomes obsessed with proving the murderer and is often perceived as mad. He is no longer very logical and over analyzes situations always thinking and never acting. Hamlet 3 represents the Hamlet who is aware of Claudius’ guilt. He is brash and full of anger and passion. His actions often occur with little or no premeditation, yet he always acts. It is almost a foil of Hamlet 1, his original self. The murder of the King strikes Hamlet at a very personal level. Being an intellectual person, when he drives himself near mad with obsession, it is one of analytical thought, monologued debates, and elaborate scheming. Hamlet will sometimes wander from his state of obsessive rhetorical questions, to logical analysis but never farther until later in the play. Hamlet, although fond of questions that can’t be answered (his soliloquies about suicide, death and the afterlife) needs to be certain of the murderer. Suspicion or reasonable doubt will not suffice. So when his elaborate scheme of the play within a play is carried out and Claudius’ question of guilt is then answered with certainty, Hamlet 3 immerges as he follows the King into ... Free Essays on The Phases Of Hamlet Free Essays on The Phases Of Hamlet The protagonist of Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an extremely layered and complicated character. He has been studied for years by scholars and average readers alike and all come to the agreement that Shakespeare’s incredible skill makes Hamlet’s character and personality. There’s always more than meets the eye. In our drama literature class we have discussed the progression of Hamlet through three main phases. These phases are inspired by the plot in which his character falls: from pre-murder and speculation to climactic action. Hamlet 1 represents the Hamlet before his father’s murder. He is a university student who loves to study and is devoted to philosophical questions. He’s very calculated, analytical, and intelligent. Hamlet 2 refers to Hamlet after his father’s murder. He becomes obsessed with proving the murderer and is often perceived as mad. He is no longer very logical and over analyzes situations always thinking and never acting. Hamlet 3 represents the Hamlet who is aware of Claudius’ guilt. He is brash and full of anger and passion. His actions often occur with little or no premeditation, yet he always acts. It is almost a foil of Hamlet 1, his original self. The murder of the King strikes Hamlet at a very personal level. Being an intellectual person, when he drives himself near mad with obsession, it is one of analytical thought, monologued debates, and elaborate scheming. Hamlet will sometimes wander from his state of obsessive rhetorical questions, to logical analysis but never farther until later in the play. Hamlet, although fond of questions that can’t be answered (his soliloquies about suicide, death and the afterlife) needs to be certain of the murderer. Suspicion or reasonable doubt will not suffice. So when his elaborate scheme of the play within a play is carried out and Claudius’ question of guilt is then answered with certainty, Hamlet 3 immerges as he follows the King into ...

End of the Cold War essays

End of the Cold War essays During World War II, many countries of the world came together to fight against the oppressive nations of Germany, Italy, Japan, and their allies. The United States, Russia, and Great Britain, who emerged as leaders of the fight against these adversaries, formed an alliance that was eventually able to overcome the threat that these three countries posed. However, after the war ended, the relationship between the United States and Russia went sour. While the friendship between the United States and Great Britain remained strong, tension between the Americans and Russians continued to escalate. Both countries built up their nuclear capabilities, while at the same time embarking on large-scale espionage missions against each other. In what later became known as the Cold War, the world was constantly on the brink of total nuclear war, and that threat did not conclude until the late 1980s, some forty years after the stalemate began. President Reagan, along with Soviet Secretary Gene ral Mikhail Gorbachev, diplomatically ended one of the most tense and militarily dangerous periods in the history of the world. Reagans strategic negotiating with the Soviets was the major catalyst that began the end of the Cold War. Ronald Reagan defeated incumbent Jimmy Carter in the fall of 1980 to win the Presidency of the United States. Reagan, the former movie star and governor of California, was known for his great communication skills, and his ability to stand strong on his issues while not seeming over-bearing. He came to power on the promise of pulling the United States out of its worst economic state since the Great Depression by cutting taxes, slashing government spending, and lifting a grain embargo against the Russians to aide American farmers. Reagan won easily over Carter, whose term had been plagued by economic struggles and foreign diplomacy blunders such as the Iran hostage affair that ended soon after Reagan took offic...

The Chiefdoms of Powhattan and Ukaguru Term Paper

The Chiefdoms of Powhattan and Ukaguru - Term Paper Example The chiefdom leader ensured that labor loss is minimized. The chiefdom focused on agricultural crop growing. The chiefdom’s most popular crop is the corn. Maize is eaten by the chiefdom members as a regular part of their daily meals. Corn is the most important wealth of the Chiefdom. However, the agricultural practices of the Chiefdom were not enough to ensure a stable economic condition. Statistics indicate that the chiefdom members planted corn plants that generated two corn ears on each plant. Consequently, 2,700 corn plants were harvested in one acre of land alone. In terms of statistics, 15 bushels of corn per person were harvested every year in each household corn plot1. B. Tanganyika Chiefdom. There are unique descriptions of the Tanganyika Chiefdom. Beer drinking is one of the popular activities of the Tanganyika Chiefdom. Cattle theft is also one of the seemingly illegal activities some of the Tanganyika chiefdom residents. The Tribe is located in East Africa. In the cattle theft, a member of one tribe of the Tanganyika Chiefdom steals the cattle of another tribe of the Tanganyika Chiefdom. There is an ambivalent interaction between the people of the Tanganyika Chiefdom2. The people of the Chiefdom are farmers and herdsmen. During the prior wars, the Kaguru members hid among the mountain cliffs of the Kaguru Plateau to defend themselves against their attackers. The Kaguru members of the Chiefdom were metal craftsmen. ... The peasants lived only at the expense of the chief authority and elite privilege. The field laborers worked to feed English settlers, the Elite, and finally themselves, in respective order3. The Virginian settlers commanded the Powhatan chiefdom to plant food. When the harvest arrived, the settlers harvested the food. Wahunsonacock, the people’s leader, controlled the surplus crops. The peasants eagerly obey Wahunsonacock’s commands. To ensure loyal compliance, Wahunsonacock used coaxing to persuade the peasants to obey his every command, without hesitation. Wahunsonacock went out of his way to create a sense of solidarity between himself and his subjects. To ensure solidarity, Wahunsonacock dressed like a peasant, in deerskin breechclout, moccasins, racccon cape or mantle4. As leader, Wahunsonacock was surrounded by the tallest warriors, had more than 11 favorite wives, and several servants maintaining his physical appearance. On the other hand, the Kaburu People of T anganyika are divided into matrilineal groups. Some of the clans have certain rights to own or use land and political power. This concept is dominant in many areas of the chiefdom. The Kaguru Matrilineal clan system is the group’s government organization type. The headman is the leader of the groups. The headman manages the land and other government affairs. The Kaguru people live in little hamlet groups of 3 to 20 huts or even in only one lone homestead. The Kuguru government architecturally set up the people’s homes located in the settlements are bigger than the valleys5). 2. Economics and exchange. In terms of economics and exchange, the Production in excess of household needs is surplus6. the economic is based on

Easy Proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Easy - Thesis Proposal Example Interviews and questionnaires will be used to obtain primary data, while financial statements will be used to obtain secondary data. The increased collapse of companies led to an increase in the number of legislation passed to protect businesses and the interests of shareholders (AICPA 6). This has led to an increase in creative accounting, which is the manipulation of financial statements by accountants using their knowledge, in a way that is within the legal restrictions (Beidleman 655). Without rotation of auditors, and with accountants being under the command of managers, they can manipulate them to produce financial statements that do not portray the true and fair view of a firm’s financial performance (Hanno 135). There are various reasons advanced to explain why firms engage in creative accounting. These include a company trying to hide its poor performance in a particular year, or when it is avoiding takeovers (DeZoort, Hermanson and Houston 179). Accounting standards have been revised to try curbing unethical issues in financial statement preparation and improving their integrity. However, managers and accountants have found ways of navigating this regulation; remain within the confines of the law, and produce financial statement that do not reflect the actual position of a company. This has led to such companies experiencing financial strain and others collapsing. The purpose of this study is to find out the impacts that creative accounting has on a company’s financial health. The study will give an insight on the consequences of creative accounting and the negative effects the practice may have on a company’s on-going and future performance. Various scholars have studied different aspects of creative accounting. According to Beasley, creative accounting is used to influence market expectations and increase consumers’ and investors’ confidence in a firm (450).